¹Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, TR-59030 Tekirdag - TÜRKİYE DOI : 10.9775/kvfd.2023.29480 In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of the ginger extract on the TNF-α, IL-1β, bax and bcl-2 expression in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) of rats with experimentally induced diabetes and also, it was examined the ultrastructure of the small intestine by scanning electron microscopy. Wistar albino rats were assigned to five groups as control, sham, ginger, diabetes control, ginger + diabetes. Experimental diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg STZ. Ginger and diabetes + ginger group were administered ethanolic ginger extract (200 mg/kg) by oral gavage. In the diabetes control group, it was revealed that intestinal mucosa thickness increased and the villi were folded over each other in the form of a roll and there were disrupted the integrity. Also, while bax, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression increased and bcl-2 expression decreased. In the group treated with ginger, both intestinal histologies and bax, bcl-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β expressions were similar to that of the control group. It was observed that ginger has regulatory effects on inflammatory and apoptotic proteins in the small intestine in diabetes. Ginger can be evaluated in the treatment of diabetes and may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention. Keywords : Apoptosis, Cytokine, Diabetes, Scanning electron microscopy, Small intestine