¹Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science, and Education, Ain Shams University, 11757, Cairo, EGYPT
²Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT DOI : 10.9775/kvfd.2025.35519 Premature ovarian failure (POF), often induced by cyclophosphamide (CP), leads to hormonal imbalance. Current treatments are ineffective at restoring fertility, creating a need for novel therapies. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in restoring ovarian function in a rat model of CP-induced POF. Thirty female rats were divided into control, POF (induced by CP injections), and treated group received a single intravenous injection of BM-MSCs (POF+BM-MSCs). After four weeks, hormonal levels, ovarian oxidative stress markers, and histopathological changes were analyzed. CP induction successfully created a POF model, evidenced by significantly decreased E2 (p<0.001); increased FSH, LH (p<0.01), elevated oxidative stress, thyroid dysfunction (p<0.01), and severe follicular degeneration. BM-MSC transplantation effectively reversed these effects, normalizing hormone profiles, reducing oxidative stress, restoring thyroid function, and improving ovarian follicular architecture. However, BM-MSC treatment did not significantly improve the CP-induced uterine damage. It was concluded that BM-MSC therapy demonstrates a strong protective effect against CP-induced POF. Despite its pronounced efficacy within the ovary, the therapeutic benefits were incompletely extended to the uterus under the employed treatment protocol. This suggests that further investigation into optimized delivery methodologies to ensure a comprehensive, whole-reproductive-tract reparative outcome. Keywords : Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, Cyclophosphamide, Ovarian toxicity, Oxidative stress marker, Premature ovarian failure