¹Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, 51432 Buraidah, SAUDI ARABIA DOI : 10.9775/kvfd.2025.35482 Climate change is profoundly transforming animal health by intensifying vector-borne diseases (VBD) in livestock. Rising temperatures, shifting rainfall, and extreme weather events have expanded the geographic range and seasonality of vectors such as ticks, mosquitoes, and biting flies. This has led to increased incidence, emergence, and re-emergence of diseases like bluetongue, Rift Valley fever, trypanosomiasis, and tick-borne fevers. These infections reduce meat, milk, and reproductive performance, while also posing significant public health and socioeconomic threats, especially for pastoralists, smallholder farmers, and rural women. VBDs exacerbate poverty and gender inequities and heighten human exposure to zoonotic pathogens with epidemic potential. In response, climate-resilient agricultural practices, vector control, enhanced surveillance, and One Health–based strategies are being promoted to strengthen adaptive capacity. However, critical gaps persist, including weak integrated data systems, limited predictive modeling, unaffordable diagnostics and vaccines for neglected diseases, and poor understanding of community-level adaptive capacities. Addressing these challenges requires coordinated global action, investment in interdisciplinary research, and policies that enhance resilience and equity in animal health systems. Keywords : Climate change, Disease modeling, Livestock, One health, Surveillance, Vector-borne diseases, Zoonoses