¹Anhui Medical University, Department of Microbiology, 230032, Hefei, P.R. CHINA
²Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Department of Clinical Laboratory, 230000, Hefei, P.R. CHINA
³The Key Laboratory for Joint Construction of Synthetic Bioprotein of Anhui Province, Department of Research, 230000, Hefei, P.R. CHINA
⁴Hefei Comprehensive National Science, Institute of Health and Medicine, 230000, Hefei, P.R. CHINA
⁵Wuhu Interferon Bio-Products Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Department of Research, 241000, Wuhu, P.R. CHINA DOI : 10.9775/kvfd.2025.34873 Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) is a significant pathogen that causes swine fever, and its non-structural protein, NS2, plays a crucial role in the viral life cycle. The NS2 protein not only participates in the processing of the viral polyprotein precursor but also significantly affects viral replication, assembly, and infection. In recent years, research on the functions of the NS2 protein has deepened, revealing its self-cleaving enzyme activity, interaction with the NS3 protein, and potential role in viral genome packaging. At the same time, the genetic variation of the NS2 protein and its adaptive changes under selective pressure provide an important theoretical basis for understanding the virus"s adaptation mechanisms and vaccine development. This article aims to systematically review the latest research progress on the structural characteristics, processing mechanisms, and functional roles of the NS2 protein of CSFV, in order to provide reference and guidance for the development of future antiviral strategies. Keywords : Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV), Genome packaging, Non-structural protein 2 (NS2), Proteolytic cleavage. Research progress, Viral replication